This article provides an overview of biomimicry with numerous examples:
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Mark Miles, the Morpho butterfly and Qualcomm's Mirasol display
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Georges de Mestral, burrs and Velcro
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Claus Mattheck, growth of load-bearing structures and the SKO (soft kill option) design method
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Jay Harman, spirals in nature and the PAX Streamlining Principle
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the camel's nose and a saltwater-irrigated greenhouse in Qatar
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the banyan tree/harvester ants and water management in Lavasa
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Jaime Grunlan, lobster/shrimp shells and a fire-proofing polymer coating
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University, birdwing butterflies and more efficient solar technologies
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Simon Fraser University, butterfly scales and an anti-counterfeiting stamp (NOtES)
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Omni-ID, butterfly scales and more reliable RFID tags
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the Morpho butterfly and Morphotex fabrics
Thanks to Cindy Gilbert for the pointer!